英格兰保护区的法规和共识机制——兼论对中国居住型历史地段保护的启示

中国居住型历史地段存在种种争议,缺乏共识机制是重要原因。英格兰保护区已经50年历程,居住功能在大量保护区中属于主导功能或为主要功能,保护体系公众认可度很高。本文聚焦英格兰保护区体系中与法规相结合的共识机制,探究其如何贯穿于保护区的"指定—保护—发展"的全环节。文章认为应结合中国国情,基于共识理论进行借鉴:一方面建议厘清主体责任、增加管理规划,以完善法规和规划体系;另一方面,要设定公共参与程序、构筑支持网络以促进共识,并积极探索社区发展规划。     

黄土高原半干旱区生态化“水—绿”双赢空间模式构建

黄土高原半干旱区是风景园林规 划的生态敏感地带,缺水少绿是当地人居环 境面临的主要问题。通过对水、绿、人三者 微妙关系的研究,以集水造绿、生态修复与 产业规划为切入点,将“水绿双赢”理论与 基于人居要素的景观空间规划实践相结合, 可总结出该区生态化水绿双赢的秩序原则、 类型原则、形式原则和承载原则,并根据四 类典型地形构建川塘水岸挂淤减蒸、固根护 岸、乔灌混交、农林共产的空间模式,沟壑 沟底保墒淤地、果农间作、沟坡同治、固坝 缓流的空间模式,山地坡面因产制地、散坡 控流、纯混复层、梯坡同造的生态化水绿双 赢空间模式。空间模式可指导该区的风景园 林规划,改善人居环境。     

Fabrication of a double-layered Co-Mn-O spinel coating on stainless steel via the double glow plasma alloying process and preoxidation treatment as SOFC interconnect

To improve oxidation resistance, prevent Cr evaporation and maintain appropriate electrical conductivity of AISI 430 stainless steel (430 SS) as the solid oxide fuel cells' (SOFCs) interconnect, a double-layered Co-Mn-O spinel coating is fabricated successfully on 430 SS via a simple double glow plasma alloying process (DGPA) followed by heating in the air (preoxidation treatment). The double-layered Co-Mn-O spinel coating is composed of a thick MnCo₂O₄ spinel outlayer and a thin mutual-diffused (MnCoFe)₃O₄ oxide innerlayer. The isothermal and cyclic oxidation measurements are used to investigate the oxidation resistance, and the ASR test is performed to evaluate the conductivity for the coated and uncoated specimens. The coated specimen has a lower oxidation kinetics rate constant (9.0929 × 10⁻⁴ mg² cm⁻⁴ h⁻¹) than the uncoated one (1.900 × 10⁻³ mg² cm⁻⁴ h⁻¹) and the weight gain of the coated specimen (0.84 mg cm⁻²) is less than that of bare steel (1.29 mg cm⁻²) after 750 h oxidation. Meanwhile, the coated specimen holds a lower area specific resistance (0.029 Ω cm²) compared to the uncoated one (2.28 Ω cm²) after 408 h oxidation. Furthermore, the compact Co-Mn-O spinel coating can effectively impede Cr-volatilization. Additionally, the probable mechanism of the Co-Mn alloy conversion into spinel and the electronic conduction behavior in the spinel are discussed. The effects of mutual-diffused oxide innerlayer on oxidation behavior and conductivity are investigated.     

Indices for the evaluation of wildfire spread simulations using contemporaneous predictions and observations of burnt area

Methods to objectively evaluate performance are critical for model development. In contrast to recent advances in wildfire simulation, there has been limited attention to evaluating fire model performance. Information to validate fire models is typically limited, commonly to a few perimeter observations at a small number of points in time. We review metrics for comparing two burnt areas at a point in time: observed and predicted. These are compared in an idealised landscape and with a case study evaluating the performance of simulations of an Australian wildfire. We assessed: Shape Deviation Index (SDI), Jaccard's coefficient, F1, Sørensen's Similarity and Area Difference Index (ADI). For decomposing fit into error components (overprediction and underprediction) we assessed the partial indices of SDI and ADI, Precision and Recall. The various metrics were evaluated for their ability to represent error and their suitability for use in model improvement frameworks.     

反渗透装置处理炼油污水的优化运行

阐述了在土地勘测定界测量中,为了提高工作效率,减少在生产中出现的错误,利用VB2005结合.NET API对AutoCAD进行了二次开发。在土地分类标注文字中,把土地类别和面积分别加入到文字的扩展数据中,然后在面积统计中再提取文字中的扩展数据进行计算并输出至表格,实现了土地利用分类的标注和面积统计的自动化。     

基于传统街区更新的城市设计

以南京市小西湖地块为例，深入探 讨城市设计在传统街区城市更新中的基础、 角色、手段及成果形式。以提高市民的生活 品质、提高容积率、保护历史地段结构和提 升公共空间品质为目标，本着社会公平立场、 城市记忆立场与城市传统街区风貌保护的立 场，通过基于历史成因的和基于整体市民利 益的两种分配方式，城市设计最终认可城市 形态动态变化的合理性、扩大居民/市民/游 人共享的公共空间、实现居民与建设主体多 方获益。     

Normal horizontal working area: the concept of inner boundary

A model was developed to determine the inner boundary of the normal horizontal working area based on the concept that the elbow and forearm-hand should move on the table surface while describing the area. The proposed model was applied to determine the normal horizontal working areas for the 5th percentile female and 95th percentile male. It was shown that the conventional models that had disregarded the concept of the inner boundary overestimated the area on the average by 26%. The proposed model is more realistic and accurate than the conventional models.     

Exploiting the relationships among several binary classifiers via data transformation

The structural resemblance among several existing classifiers has motivated us to investigate their underlying relationships. By exploring into the mapping solutions of these classifiers, we found that they can be linked by simple feature data scaling. In other words, the key to these relationships lies upon how the replica of feature data are being scaled. This finding leads us directly to an exploration of novel classifiers beyond existing settings. Based on an extensive empirical evaluation, we show that the proposed formulation facilitates a tuning capability beyond existing settings for classifier generalization.     

Positive direct-mask stereolithography with multiple-layer exposure: layered fabrication with stair step reduction

In this paper, we explain a new stereolithography involving the separate use of liquid photoinitiator and a base resin (photopolymer resin without photoinitiator). First, the base resin is supplied as a layer, and then a mask pattern is drawn onto the surface with photoinitiator by inkjet printing. When the surface is exposed to a UV lamp, only the pattern drawn with the photoinitiator is cured. In this process, the photoinitiator acts as a positive mask. Also, the idea of multiple-layer exposure, which may enable stair step reduction and fabrication time reduction, is introduced. The proposed idea and method are implemented in an experimental stereolithography system and some experiments are conducted using the system. As a result, the effectiveness and feasibility of the idea and method are confirmed.     

透明挠性基板“SPET”

概述了由PET,高耐热树脂和铜箔组成的透明挠性基板“SPET”的开发,生产,特征和应用以及今后的展开.